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What do you know about tropical spastic paraplegia ?

What do you know about tropical spastic paraplegia ?  This is seen in Japan, the Caribbean and parts of western Africaand South America where women, more often than men, in their third and fourth decades have spastic paraparesis with neurogenic bladder. Viral infection with human T-lympbotrophic virus I has been implicated as a cause of this disorder.

What do you know about hereditary spastic paraplegia ?

What do you know about hereditary spastic paraplegia ? This is an autosomal dominant condition, first described by Seeligmuller and Strumpell, in which spasticity is more striking than muscular weakness. The age of onset is variable and the condition has a relatively benign course. When the onset is in childhood, there may be shortening of the Achilles tendon, often requiring surgical lengthening. There is usually no sensory disturbance.

What do you know about paraplegia-in-flexion ?

What do you know about paraplegia-in-flexion ?  Paraplegia-in-flexion is seen in partial transection of the cord where the limbs are involuntarily flexed at the hips and knees because the extensors are more paralysed than the flexors.  In complete transection of the spinal cord, the extrapyramidal tracts are also affected and hence no voluntary movement of the limb is possible, resulting in paraplegia-in-extension.

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